 Re: Using Arrays in PHP
Acting on Entire Arrays
PHP has several useful functions for modifying or applying an operation to all elements of an array. You can merge arrays, find the difference, calculate the total, and more; this can all be accomplished by using built-in functions.
The array_sum( ) function adds up the values in an indexed or associative array:
array_sum( )
$sum = array_sum(array);
For example:
$scores = array(98, 76, 56, 80);
$total = array_sum($scores);
// $total = 310
array_merge( )
The array_merge( ) function intelligently merges two or more arrays:
$merged = array_merge(array1, array2 [, array ... ])
If a numeric key from an earlier array is repeated, the value from the later array is assigned a new numeric key:
$first = array('hello', 'world'); // 0 => 'hello', 1 => 'world'
$second = array('exit', 'here'); // 0 => 'exit', 1 => 'here'
$merged = array_merge($first, $second);
// $merged = array('hello', 'world', 'exit', 'here')
If a string key from an earlier array is repeated, the earlier value is replaced by the later value:
$first = array('bill' => 'clinton', 'tony' => 'danza');
$second = array('bill' => 'gates', 'adam' => 'west');
$merged = array_merge($first, $second);
// $merged = array('bill' => 'gates', 'tony' => 'danza', 'adam' => 'west')
array_diff( )
The array_diff( ) function identifies values from one array that are not present in others:
$diff = array_diff(array1, array2 [, array ... ]);
For example:
$a1 = array('bill', 'claire', 'elle', 'simon', 'judy');
$a2 = array('jack', 'claire', 'toni');
$a3 = array('elle', 'simon', 'garfunkel');
// find values of $a1 not in $a2 or $a3
$diff = array_diff($a1, $a2, $a3);
// $diff is array('bill', 'judy');
Values are compared using ===, so 1 and "1" are considered different. The keys of the first array are preserved, so in
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