TCP/IP

Protocols are the set of rules, agree upon ways and communication standards that computer and devices use to communication with each other. TCP/IP stands for transmission control protocol/Internet protocol. TCP/IP is the standard protocol for network communication in LAN or WAN. All the devices and applications have to follow to same protocols to make network communication system.

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A.Rajesh Khanna

Communication Devices

There are certain devices that are used in LAN/MAN/WAN and wireless networking. The most important devices are router, switch, hub, modem, NIC adapter, access points, broadband router and communication cables. Hub/Switch is a centralized device in a LAN and all the computers connect with the Hub/Switch. In case of failure of Hub/Switch the whole communication stops. Router routes the traffic to the destination based on the IP address of the source and destination computer. With the help of the routing table, the router chooses the best short possible path for data to be sent to its destination. Wireless routers and access points are used in the wireless networking.

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A.Rajesh Khanna

Wireless Networking

Wireless networks are replacing the wired networks rapidly. The administrative control becomes less due to the removal of the bundle of cables in wireless network. The key components are wireless router, access points and PCMCIA LAN cards.

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A.Rajesh Khanna

Types of Networking

There are three main types of the computer networking such as LAN, MAN and WAN. A LAN covers a room or a building. A MAN covers a network in a city and a WAN covers wide areas such as in a city, country or a network between two or more countries. A LAN can be wired or wireless, MAN can be wired or Wireless and WAN can be through wireless communication technologies such as ISDN lines, frame relay and ATM

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A.Rajesh Khanna

Pocket size web browsers are here!

Although the concept of pocket size computers isn't new, pocket size web browsers supporting the latest Internet standards are. Believe it or not, now you can actually run Internet Explorer on a pocket size computer running Windows CE operating system.

Windows CE

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A.Rajesh Khanna

To Change the location where your Internet Mail and News is stored

you're using Microsoft's Internet Mail and News [program] (which is built into some versions of the Explorer 3.x), you'll notice that it does not let you change the directory where your data files (mail and news) are stored. By default, it will store your mail and news in "C:\Microsoft Internet\Internet Mail and News\<current user name>." Here's how to change this location:

1)Close Microsoft Internet Mail and News

2)Run Registry Editor ("Start Menu | Run | Type RegEdit and press ENTER")

3)Change to the following registry key:

"HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet Mail and News"
Double click on "Store Root"

4)Type in the new directory where you want to save your Internet Mail and News files in

5)Click OK and exit the Registry Editor

6)You may or may not want to move your old data files from the original mail/news directory to your new directory

7)Restart Microsoft Internet Mail and News

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A.Rajesh Khanna

Activate your web pages [from the server side]!


Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP) technology for the Microsoft Internet Information Server is finally here!

Unlike ActiveX controls that run on the client side (inside the browser after the page is retrieved from the web server), by default Active Server Pages run on the server side (within the web server before the page is delivared to the browser). This means, you can deliver dynamic content to all most all browsers without having to worry about what features they may support.

You can find all about it at the following address:

Microsoft Internet Information Server

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A.Rajesh Khanna

Explorations shouldn't be limited to remote resources

Did you know that you can drag and drop any document on to the browser window to view them inside the browser itself?


EXAMPLE:

You can drag and drop any data file such as files created using Word, Excel, Notepad, Paint Brush, etc. on to the browser to view and sometimes edit them

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A.Rajesh Khanna

TAB through your links

If you're using Explorer 3.x, Explorer 4.x or Communicator 4.x, you can use TAB and SHIFT+TAB to go through links on web pages and ENTER to select them (so that you won't need a mouse).

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A.Rajesh Khanna

OSI Layers Model

To understand the communication process make the data communication process standardized, the ISO developed the OSI (open system interconnectivity, which defines the seven layers of the OSI model. These seven layers include Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link and Physical layer. The detail on the OSI seven layers is covered in the separate topic of this website.

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A.Rajesh Khanna

What is DHCP? How DHCP Works?

DHCP stands for the dynamic host configuration protocol. As we know that a unique IP address is a must for communication in LAN, WAN or internet. Assume you are given the task to assign IP addresses to the 10,000 computers in a network. How would you assign? DHCP answers this questions and it assigns the unique IP addresses to all the computers from a given range. There is an administrative control and you can block, assign, lease, renew, specify duration for the IP address and you also do the many other administrative tasks on the DHCP.

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A.Rajesh Khanna

What is DNS ? How it is Workeing?

DNS stands for domain name system. DNS translates (converts) the host name into the IP address and IP address into the host name. One thing is clear that the communication in a LAN private WAN or internet is based on the IP addresses. On internet every IP address is associated with the domain name let’s say assume that the IP address 120.1.1.1. is assigned to Yahoo!, 12.1.2.3 is assigned to Google and 35.22.32.5 is assigned to MSN.com and so on. Just imagine that how many IP addresses you can remember 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100 or 1000. IP addresses are actually difficult to remember and domain names are easy so every IP address on the internet is associated with a domain name.

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A.Rajesh Khanna

What is Wi-Fi?

Wireless fidelity is a base band wireless networking technology that provides high speed internet connectivity to the offices and home users.

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A.Rajesh Khanna

What is Wi-Max ?

Wi-Max is an advance broadband wireless network technology that provides very high speed up to 70 Mbps. Wi-Max is designed for the corporate office, roaming and home users.

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A.Rajesh Khanna

What is Internet? Internet is an example of Network

Internet is the largest network in the work. Millions of computers from all over the world are internetworked with each other and are the part of the internet. The resources hosted on one computer in one part of the world such as web pages, songs files, graphics, video files, documents and images are accessible to the users in another part of the world.

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A.Rajesh Khanna

How to Configure a Network

we will learn how to configure a network, peer to peer, client server, workstation, server, basic data communication.

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A.Rajesh Khanna

Peer to Peer network model

Before configuring a computer network, you have to decide that, which networking model you require. There are two main types of network models. Peer to peer and client-server network model. In the peer to peer network model you simply use the same Workgroup for all the computers and a unique name for each computer.

Additionally, you will have to give a unique IP address of the same class A, B, or C for all the computers in your network and its related subnet mask e.g if you decide to use class A IP address for your three computers in your Peer to Peer network then your IP address/Subnet mask settings can be as follows.

Computer Name IP Address Subnet Mask Workgroup

A1 193.168.1.1 255.0.0.0 Officenetwork
A2 192.168.1.2 255.0.0.0 Officenetwork
A3 192.168.1.3 255.0.0.0 Officenetwor


Please note that the above example is for only illustration purpose so you can choose any IP address, computer name and workgroup name of your interest.

For doing this right click on My Computer and then click Properties then go to the Network Identification section and set these.

In a peer to peer network all computers acts as a client because there is not centralized server. Peer to peer network is used where not security is required in the network.


If a computer fails to work then all other computers work normally in peer to peer network.

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A.Rajesh Khanna

Client/Server Network Model

In the client/server network model a computer plays a centralized role and is known as a server all other computers in the network are known as clients. All client computers access the server simultaneously for files, database, docs, spreadsheets, web pages and resources like hard diver, printer, fax modem, CD/DVD ROM and others. In other words, all the client computes depends on the server and if server fails to respond or crash then networking/communication between the server and the client computes stops.

If you want to configure a client-server network model then first prepare the server. Install Windows 2000 or Windows 2003 Server from the CD on the server computer and make a domain. You can create a domain by this command on the Run “DCPROMO”. You can give this command once you install the server successfully. After you give the DCPROMO command you will be asked for a unique domain name. All the client computers will use the same unique domain name for becoming the part of this domain. This command will install the active directory on the server, DNS and other required things. A step by step wizard will run and will guide you for the rest of the steps. Make sure that a network cable is plugged in the LAN card of the server when you run the DCPROMO.exe command.

When the Active directory is properly installed on the server, restart the server. You can create network users on the server computer and also name/label the network resources like computers/printers etc.

Once you install the server successfully now come to the client computers. Install Windows 2000 professional on your all client computers. Once you install the Windows 2000 professional on the clients the next step is to make this computer (client computer) a part of the network

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A.Rajesh Khanna

Network Configuration Steps

1. Choose a unique name for each client computer

2. Choose unique IP address for each computer and relevant.

3. Use the same domain name for all client PCs.

Network/System administrators are required to do these administrative tasks on the server and client computers. Any shared resources on the network either on the server or the clients can be access through the My Network Places in the Windows 2000 platform. There is another way to connect to the shared resources by giving this command in the run \\ComputerName\SharedDriveLetter.

Network configurations steps can be implemented by right clicking the My Computer>Properties>

For giving the IP address you will have to right click on the My Network places>properties>Local Area Connection>Properties>Internet Protocols (TCP/IP)>Properties and then give the IP address and subnet mask of the same range and class for all the computers in the network.

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A.Rajesh Khanna

A basic LAN consists of the following components.

1) Two or more computers.

2) Network Interface card or LAN Card in each PC.

3) Ethernet cable (Cat5, UTP/SPT) cable to connect the two computers.

4) A hub, switch or router to route or direct the network traffic.

5) Software for the communication/computer networking.

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A.Rajesh Khanna