proc
proc { block } -> aProc


Creates a new procedure object from the given block. Equivalent to Proc.new .

aProc = proc { "hello" }
aProc.call»"hello"

putc
putc( anInteger ) -> anInteger

Equivalent to $defout.putc( anInteger ).

puts
puts( [ args ]* ) -> nil
Equivalent to $defout.puts( args )

__________________
Shaalini.S
Be the Best of Whatever you are...

raise
raise( aString )
raise( anException [, aString [ anArray ] ] )


With no arguments, raises the exception in $! or raises a RuntimeError if $! is nil. With a single String argument, raises a RuntimeError with the string as a message. Otherwise, the first parameter should be the name of an Exception class (or an object that returns an Exception when sent exception). The optional second parameter sets the message associated with the exception, and the third parameter is an array of callback information. Exceptions are caught by the rescue clause of begin...end blocks.

raise "Failed to create socket"
raise ArgumentError, "No parameters", caller

__________________
Shaalini.S
Be the Best of Whatever you are...

rand
rand( max=0 ) -> aNumber
Converts max to an integer using max1 = max.to_i.abs. If the result is zero, returns a pseudorandom floating point number greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0. Otherwise, returns a pseudorandom integer greater than or equal to zero and less than max1. Kernel::srand may be used to ensure repeatable sequences of random numbers between different runs of the program.

srand 1234 » 0
[ rand, rand ] » [0.7408769294, 0.2145348572]
[ rand(10), rand(1000) ] » [3, 323]
srand 1234 » 1234
[ rand, rand ] » [0.7408769294, 0.2145348572]


readline
readline( [ aString=$/ ] ) -> aString

Equivalent to Kernel::gets , except readline raises EOFError at end of file.

__________________
Shaalini.S
Be the Best of Whatever you are...

readlines
readlines( [ aString=$/ ] ) -> anArray


Returns an array containing the lines returned by calling Kernel.gets(aString) until the end of file.

require
require( aString ) -> true or false
Ruby tries to load the library named aString, returning true if successful. If the filename does not resolve to an absolute path, it will be searched for in the directories listed in $:. If the file has the extension ``.rb'', it is loaded as a source file; if the extension is ``.so'', ``.o'', or ``.dll'',[Or whatever the default shared library extension is on the current platform.] Ruby loads the shared library as a Ruby extension. Otherwise, Ruby tries adding ``.rb'', ``.so'', and so on to the name. The name of the loaded feature is added to the array in $". A feature will not be loaded if it already appears in $". require returns true if the feature was successfully loaded.

require "my-library.rb"
require "db-driver"

__________________
Shaalini.S
Be the Best of Whatever you are...

scan
scan( pattern ) -> anArray
scan( pattern ) {| | block } -> $_


Equivalent to calling $_.scan. See String#scan on page 373.

select
select( readArray [, writeArray [ errorArray [ timeout ] ] ] ) -> anArray or nil


Performs a low-level select call, which waits for data to become available from input/output devices. The first three parameters are arrays of IO objects or nil. The last is a timeout in seconds, which should be an Integer or a Float. The call waits for data to become available for any of the IO objects in readArray, for buffers to have cleared sufficiently to enable writing to any of the devices in writeArray, or for an error to occur on the devices in errorArray. If one or more of these conditions are met, the call returns a three-element array containing arrays of the IO objects that were ready. Otherwise, if there is no change in status for timeout seconds, the call returns nil. If all parameters are nil, the current thread sleeps forever.

select( [$stdin], nil, nil, 1.5 ) » [[#<IO:0x401ba090>], [], []]

__________________
Shaalini.S
Be the Best of Whatever you are...

set_trace_func
set_trace_func( aProc ) -> aProc
set_trace_func( nil ) -> nil
Establishes aProc as the handler for tracing, or disables tracing if the parameter is nil. aProc takes up to six parameters: an event name, a filename, a line number, an object id, a binding, and the name of a class. aProc is invoked whenever an event occurs. Events are: c-call (call a C-language routine), c-return (return from a C-language routine), call (call a Ruby method), class (start a class or module definition), end (finish a class or module definition), line (execute code on a new line), raise (raise an exception), and return (return from a Ruby method). Tracing is disabled within the context of aProc

__________________
Shaalini.S
Be the Best of Whatever you are...

singleton_method_added
singleton_method_added( aFixnum ) -> nil


Invoked with a symbol id whenever a singleton method is added to a module or a class. The default implementation in Kernel ignores this, but subclasses may override the method to provide specialized functionality.

class Test
def Test.singleton_method_added(id)
puts "Added #{id.id2name} to Test"
end
def a() end
def Test.b() end
end
def Test.c() end

produces:

Added singleton_method_added to Test
Added b to Test
Added c to Test

__________________
Shaalini.S
Be the Best of Whatever you are...

sleep
sleep( [ aNumeric ] ) -> aFixnum


Suspends the current thread for aNumber seconds (which may be a Float with fractional seconds). Returns the actual number of seconds slept (rounded), which may be less than that asked for if the thread was interrupted by a SIGALRM, or if another thread calls Thread#run . An argument of zero causes sleep to sleep forever.

Time.new » Sun Jun 09 00:19:40 CDT 2002
sleep 1.2 » 1
Time.new » Sun Jun 09 00:19:41 CDT 2002
sleep 1.9 » 2
Time.new » Sun Jun 09 00:19:43 CDT 2002

__________________
Shaalini.S
Be the Best of Whatever you are...

sprintf
sprintf( aFormatString [, arguments ]* ) -> aString


Returns the string resulting from applying aFormatString to any additional arguments. Within the format string, any characters other than format sequences are copied to the result. A format sequence consists of a percent sign, followed by optional flags, width, and precision indicators, then terminated with a field type character. The field type controls how the corresponding sprintf argument is to be interpreted, while the flags modify that interpretation.

__________________
Shaalini.S
Be the Best of Whatever you are...

srand
srand( [ aNumber ] ) -> oldSeed


Seeds the pseudorandom number generator to the value of aNumber.to_i.abs. If aNumber is omitted or zero, seeds the generator using a combination of the time, the process id, and a sequence number. (This is also the behavior if Kernel::rand is called without previously calling srand, but without the sequence.) By setting the seed to a known value, scripts can be made deterministic during testing. The previous seed value is returned.

__________________
Shaalini.S
Be the Best of Whatever you are...